last revised: 19 Mar 98 ******************************************************************************* While you will find most of the descriptions easily readable, there will occasionally be techniques whose names here differ from those by which you are used to hearing them called. The names I have used for the most common of these are listed near the end of this page. Also, while I feel the format renders these documents easily "followable", it might do well to read the key below, nonetheless. All of these forms use the same ground rules for their transcription. There are no violations of this (so far as I am aware). It is THIS document that you will probably find most complicated, and only because I have tried, here, to be as accurate as possible in my descriptions. Most will probably find this all common sense. But, just in case my 'sense' differs from others' from time to time, it is displayed below. ******************************************************************************* CW = a turn, about face, or rotation of the body in the clockwise direction. CCW = a turn, about face, or rotation of the body in the counter- clockwise direction L, R = indicates "Left" and "Right", respectively. Lf, Rf = stand for "Left foot" and "Right foot", respectively. * = the asterisk (or 'splat') is a notation for "degrees". Example: 90* = "ninety degrees". The column labled "+" is the absolute direction in which the body faces upon completion of the appropriate technique. The absolute coordinates are N, S, W, and E, where N is the direction which one faces in the "Ready" position, W is to your left in "Ready" position, E is to your right in "Ready" position, etc. The absolute directions DO NOT CHANGE as a function of relative body position. The column labled "Move" indicates the relative direction in which you turn or rotate the body in order to land in the proper stance. A movement to the 'Left' will always mean 'Counter-clockwise'. A move- ment to the 'Right' will always mean 'Clockwise'. I don't think this rule can be violated unless one is upside down. When the "Move" column indicates "", this means that one's feet do not change position during the current technique. IT DOES NOT INDICATE that you should be in what is commonly referred to as a 'fixed' stance (described below). When the "Move" column indicates "" it simply means that your body and/or weight is moving in the forward direction, but that you are not necessarily landing in another stance while executing the current movement. An example would be shifting your weight forward as you move into a front kick. The column labled "Stance" indicates the stance in which the technique is to be completed. The "L" and "R" indicators ALWAYS indicate which leg is LEADING in the stance. For instance, if the indication reads "L front", it means you should be in a front stance in which the left leg is leading and bearing most of the weight. Likewise, if you read "L back", it means you should be in a back stance in which the left leg is leading and, consequently, the right leg is bearing the majority of your weight. The ONE EXCEPTION is the crane stance (or Haktari Seogi). Here the foot which is on the ground is indicated. A note about horse stances: When a horse stance appears with a L or R indication, I am trying to be specific about which leg is closest to the opponent which one is attacking. (This is most often the leg that is moving into the stance.) In case this is confusing, I have also added notations such as "chest-N", "chest-E", etc. This means that at the completion of the action, when you are in the horse stance, your chest should be facing the absolute direction "X". (Where X is one of N,S,E,W, NW, NE,..etc.) A note about Fixed stances: A 'fixed' stance is one where the foot positions are exactly the same as for a back stance, but the weight is evenly distributed between both legs. If a fixed stance is required, then it will be listed in the "Stance" column at the appropriate technique. The notation "" in the "Move" column DOES NOT MEAN a 'fixed' stance. Rather, it means that one does not move either foot's position during the current technique. When a blocking technique is mentioned, it may be ambiguous as to which side of the arm one is to block with. When those cases arise, I have designated whether or not the block occurs on the ulna or radius side of the arm. These are the two bones that run from the elbow to the wrist. The radius is the bone on the thumb-side of your forearm, while the ulna is the bone on the same side as your "pinky" finger. As to the nomenclature for complicated or advanced techniques, I have chosen those names which are most descriptive of the action involved. However, sometimes such a description is too lengthy for the general text (especially if it is to be repeated throughout the form). If the technique is unique to a particular form, I most often make an 'aside' within the text itself describing the movement. But some are used so often that a short name had to be chosen, and here, then, is a list of those: Middle kinfehand guarding blocks - This is the same as "sudo", or an open-handed fighting stance usually performed in a back stance. Middle forearm guarding blocks - This is almost always done in a front stance (though occasionally it occurs in a crossed stance or back stance). Here's what it looks like: If one is in a left front stance, the left arm does an outside middle forearm block (radius side of forearm) while the right fist rests at the left elbow, guarding the body against an upward kick. The palm of the left fist faces you, just as it normally would. And the palm of the right fist almost faces straight up. This is often referred to in texts as a "Supported Middle Block". Twin forearm blocks - Again, an arbitrary and undescriptive name but a very common technique. Almost always done in a back stance. Here's the example: If one is in a back stance with the right leg leading (weight on the left), the left arm does a rising block and stops above the head (as do all rising blocks) and blocks an attacker in the direction of your chest. The right arm does an outside middle block toward the direction that your right foot should be pointing. Upper defense = rising block +This is *not* the same thing as an "upward sweeping block" (see Tekki/Chul-Gi patterns). Underblock = middle outside forearm block When this term is used, it is always meant that the block is done with the radius side (thumb-side) of the forearm unless otherwise noted. Scoop block The same thing as an "underblock" except that the chest is turned 90* away from the block and the back foot often pivots 90*, too, so that it is raised on its ball. As the chest turns away from the block the arm does a low 'sweeping' motion just before the block is brought up to be executed. Low forearm block = low block = Arae makki = Hardan makki (done with the ulna side of the forearm) A note on the Chul-Gi (Tekki) patterns: The word "sharply" is used very frequently throughout the descriptions of the Tekki patterns. Because of the limited footwork and uniform stances, all moves are to be done very briskly. Whenever the word "sharply" is mentioned it is only to remind you that *every* move should be done this way, and is not meant to imply that some moves are sharp whereas others are not. ******************************************************************************* If you find yourself wondering about any technique in the form, check the English-Korean vocabulary list on this same web page. If you don't find your answer there, feel free to contact me at: ryan@bigfoot.com Any comments or corrections you have for these documents will be very much appreciated. So if you see something wrong, let me know. Thank you for your time. And enjoy! *******************************************************************************